# Contact_Information

Organisation:
PMS-Consult, Engineering Office for Traffic and Infrastructure


Name:
Mr. Andreas Loizos, Mrs. Christina Plati

Organisation:
National Technical University of Athens (following interview with national experts)

Address:
National Technical Universitry of Athens, Dept. of Transportation Planning and Engineering/laboratory of Highway Engineering, 5 Iroon Polytechniou st., Athens, GR-15773, GREECE


Organisation:
VTT - Technicl Research Centre of Finland


Organisation:
Laboratoire des Voies de Circulation (LAVOC), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)

Address:
GC C1 392 (Bâtiment GCB), Station 18
CH - 1015 Lausanne


Address:
Via della Stazione di Cesano, 311 - 00064 CESANO DI ROMA


Organisation:
RWS-DWW, Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management; Directorate General of Public Wor


Organisation:
Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)

Address:
Route de Bouaye, B.P. 4129, 44 341 BOYGUENAIS Cedex, FRANVE


Address:
Elisagaardsvej 5, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark


Organisation:
Flemish Road Administration - Division Rood engineering


Address:
TRL, Crowthorne House, Nine Mile Ride, Wokingham, Berkshire, RG40 3GA, UK


Address:
DQSP, Quartier Ste Anne, échangeur d'Avignon nord, Vedène, 84967, Le Pontet Cedex


Organisation:
LNEC (National Laboratory of Civil Engineering); EP (Portuguese Road Administration)


Address:
Autovia de Colmenar Viejo, KM 18,200    28760 El Goloso (Madrid), Spain


Address:
H-1119 Budapest, Thán Károly u. 3-5, Hungary


Organisation:
Transport Research Centre (Centrum Dporavniho Vyzkumu)

Address:
Infrastructure Department - S11, Lisenska 33a, 636 00 Brno, Czech Republic


Organisation:
Ministère Wallon de l'Equipement et des Transports, Direction des Structures Routières

Address:
rue de l'Industrie 27, B - 1400 Nivelles, tel +32 67 283 304


Organisation:
Institute IMS & Faculty of Civil Engineering, Belgrade

Address:
Bulevar Vojvode Misica 43, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia & Montenegro


Organisation:
Federal Highway Administration, Office of Infrastructure Research and Development, Pavement Design and Performance Modeling Team

Address:
Turner Fairbank Highway Research Center, 6300 Georgetown Pike, McLean, Virginia, 22101


Organisation:
Higher School of Transport, Department of Road and Railroad Building


# Data_Combined_PI

Description Variables:
I_CR = index cracking, TH_WC = thickness wearing course, I_CR_BBC = index cracking bit. base course (based on age and design index of bit base course), TH_BBC = thickness bit. base course


Criteria 1:
1.0<=SI_Age_As<=5.0, road category A and S

Description Variables:
AGE_WC = age wearing course, TH_WC = thickness wearing course, AGE_BBC = age bit. base course, TH_BBC = thickness bit. base course


Criteria 1:
1.0<=SI_Cond<=5.0, flexible and semi rigid pavements

Criteria 2:
1.0<=SI_Cond<=5.0, flexible and semi rigid pavements with porous or thin wearing course

Criteria 4:
1.0<=SI_Cond<=5.0, rigid pavements with bit. overlay

Description Variables:
SI_Cond = structural index condition, SI_Age_As = structural index age for asphalt pavements, SI_Age_Con = structural index age for concrete pavements

Comment_Combined_PI:
index cracking for rigid pavements with bit. overlay is related to the concrete layer


Criteria 1:
1.0<=SI<=5.0, flexible and semi rigid pavements


Description Variables:
I_RT = index rutting, I_SR = index skid resistance,SD = surface defects, I_IRI = index IRI


Description Variables:
CSI = comfort and safety index, SI = structural index


Description Variables:
I0 = surface deterioration index (without rutting); I2 = longitudinal evenness index; I3 = transverse evenness index; s = standard deviation of the individual indexes


Description Variables:
I0 = surface deterioration index (without rutting); I3 = transverse evenness index; I4 = skid resistance index; s = standard deviation of the individual indexes


Name:
State of surface and skid resistance global index (base I0)

Name Index:
State of surface and skid resistance global index (base I0)


Name:
State of surface and skid resistance global index (base I1)

Description Variables:
I1 = surface deterioration index (with rutting); I4 = skid resistance index; s = standard deviation of the individual indexes

Name Index:
State of surface and skid resistance global index (base I1)


Name:
State of surface and bearing capacity (base I0)

Description Variables:
I0 = surface deterioration index (without rutting); I2 = longitudinal evenness index; I3 = transverse evenness index; I5 = bearing capacity index; s = standard deviation of the individual indexes

Name Index:
State of surface and bearing capacity (base I0)


Name:
State of surface and bearing capacity (base I1)

Description Variables:
I1 = surface deterioration index (with rutting); I2 = longitudinal evenness index; I5 = bearing capacity index; s = standard deviation of the individual indexes

Name Index:
State of surface and bearing capacity (base I1)


Description Variables:
Nj, Rj, Kj, Spj, Sj - indexes of distress
Wn, Wr, Wk, Wsp, Ws - weights of distress - weight depends on chosen strategy (structural condition improvement, road safety improvement, costs minimalization)

Comment_Combined_PI:
Global Index is for classification of road sections in respect of needs of works


Description Variables:
%= Percentage of homogeneous road sections that fall within classes A to F


Description Variables:
%: Percentage referring to road stretches  falling in the measurement classes A to F


Description Variables:
Psp= on the plain km of roads; Psm= km of mountain roads; L= total lenght in km


Description Variables:
Rut depth, fatigue cracks, transverse cracks


Description Variables:
Rut depth, surface defect, skid resistance


Name:
Key Performance Measure for English trunk roads

Expression 1:
Sum (length exceeding RD or Cracking or 3mLPV or 10mLPV or 30mLPV or iCSC threshold) / Network Length

Comment_Combined_PI:
Parameters measured using traffic speed survey vehicles

Comment Classification:
Not classified against a scale, but judged upon obtaining a target index of 100 ± 1. Maximum = 101, Minimum = 99


Expression 1:
Sum (length exceeding RD or 3mLPV or texture threshold) / Network Length

Expression 2:
Sum (length exceeding RD or 3mLPV or texture threshold) / Network Length

Expression 3:
Sum (length exceeding RD or 3mLPV or texture threshold) / Network Length

Comment Classification:
Assessed by the individual highway authority according to their transport management plan.


Expression 1:
Sum (length exceeding Left-RD or Right-RD or Cracking or 3mLPV or texture threshold) / Network Length


Expression 1:
Sum (length exceeding structural or edge or wearing course threshold) / Network Length

Comment_Combined_PI:
Parameters measured from Coarse Visual Inspections (CVI) or Detailed Visual Inspection (DVI)


Name:
Northern Ireland Structural Condition Index

Expression 1:
Sum (length with more than 5 years Residual Life) / Network Length

Name Index:
Northern Ireland Structural Condition Index

Comment Classification:
Target is to achieve at least 85% of motorways and at least 75% of trunk roads with satisfactory structural condition, i.e. residual life of at least 5 years.


Description Variables:
ZWLQRL = Index Cracking Length Concrete; ZWLQRP = Index Cracked Concrete Slabs


Description Variables:
ZWEABF = Index Corner Breaks per Slab; ZWEABP = Index Concrete Slabs with Corner Breaks


Description Variables:
ZWKASL = Index Length Joint Spalling; ZWKASP = Index Concrete Slabs with Joint Spalling


Description Variables:
ZWAUN=Index General Unevenness; ZWSPT=Index Rut Depth; ZWSPH=Index Fictive Water Depth; ZWGRI=Index Skid Resistance

Comment_Combined_PI:
Is one of the single indexes higher than the subindex, the value of the subindex equals the value of this single index (breakdown rule)


Criteria 2:
all function classes, concrete pavements

Description Variables:
ZWAUN=Index General Unevenness; ZWSPT=Index Rut Depth; ZWNRI=Index Cracking Asphalt; ZWFLI=Index Pathing Asphalt; ZWLQR=Index Cracking Concrete Pavements; ZWEAB=Index Corner Breaks; ZWKAS=Index Joint Spalling


Description Variables:
TWGEB = Subindex Comfort and Safety; TWSUB = Subindex Substance


Description Variables:
SV=Slope variance, Rut=Rut depth,  Cracks=Cracks is area in square feet per 1000 square feet of cracks that have become grid pattern.

Comment_Combined_PI:
The PSI equations were developed at the AASHTO Road Test in 1961 to correlate distress measurements to PSR (the mean rating (0-5) of a select panel of people.)

Comment Classification:
Under AASHTO system, flexible pavement without distress is rated as 5.03. Rehab. takes place at pavements with ratings between 1.5 and 3 dep. on functional class. Interstate pavements are rehabilitated whrn ratings are 2.5 to 3.


Description Variables:
SV=Slope variance; Cracks=Cracks measured if greater than 0.25 inches wide or have spalled that much for at least half the length.  Unit is total length of paralllel or perpendicular projections, whichever greater, per 1000 square feet of surface.

Comment_Combined_PI:
The PSI equations for rigid pavements have an alternative form where te term (1+SV) is replaced by ((0.4)(R)-33)) where R is the roughometer reading in inches per mile.


Description Variables:
Severity multiplied by extent of long. cracks, fat. cracks, raveling & weathering, excessive asphalt, grid-block cracks, transv. cracks & patching; + average rutting comb. into math. formula with equations based on intermediate values of cetain terms

Comment_Combined_PI:
4 basic distress factors, a) long. & fat. cracks,b) transv. & block cracks,c) raveling, weathering & excess asphalt,d) rutting developed from multivariate factor analysis.Utility index (0-100) calculated for each factor and expressed by exp equations


Description Variables:
A to I represent amounts of distress multiplied by coeff.,sample size 10 slabs.  Measures incl. numbers of: repaired joints,spalled joints,slabs with pattern cracks,slabs with spalls,repaired slab,+joint seal condition,faulting,faulting of cracks.

Comment_Combined_PI:
Used for rural, non-interstate pavements


Description Variables:
The equation for PSI includes the International Roughness Index, rut-depth, and transverse cracks.


Description Variables:
The equation for PSI includes the International Roughness Index (mm/m), the average fault (mm), the percent cracked slabs, repaired joints and spalled joints.


Expression 1:
100-deduct points for cracks, patches, raveling and flushing

Description Variables:
Deduct points in Washington State PMS based on 3 levels of severity and 3 levels of extent, except for alligator cracks, for which there is 4 levels of extent. Other distress measures are long. and transv. cracks, patches, raveling, flushing.


Expression 1:
100-deduct points for cracks, spalls, faults, pumping,patches,raveling

Description Variables:
The deduct points in the Washington State Pavement Management System, for rigid pavements,  are based on three levels of severity and three levels of extent.


Description Variables:
Deduct points are assigned for the severity of rutting / wear, transverse cracks, and joint condition.  Deduct points are assigned for the severity and extent of longitudinal cracks, punchouts and patches.


# Data_Single_PI

Name of Standard:
RVS 11.066 - Teil VI, Lasertexturmessung mit dem System RoadSTAR

Details of Data Collection:
laser in right wheel path, profile length 127mm, MPD calculation according to ISO 13473-2

Comment Data Collection:
Quality assurance see national standard RVS 11.066


Comment_Single_PI:
Unit for statistical pass-by noise index is dB(A)

Name of Standard:
ISO 11819-1 Acoustics - Measurement of the influence of road surfaces on traffic noise, part I: Statistical pass-by method

Measuring Principle (unified):
Maximum A-weighted sound pressure level measured by road side microphones

Details of Data Collection:
maximum A-weighted sound preasure level,vehicle speed

Comment Data Collection:
Internat. comparison surveys: EU-project SILVIA; quality assurance see ISO-standard 11819-1


Name of Standard:
Draft specification and contract documents in Greece

Details of Data Collection:
Up to five lasers, data collection every 50mm, data processing and estimation of IRI values (In some cases the Bump Integrator Index is used)


TP description:
Combination of the extent (A) and the gravity (S)

Name of Standard:
SN 640 925b "Gestion de l'entretien des chaussées (GEC)"

Hyperlink Transformation:
Literature\Single PI Switzerland.pdf#Literature/Single PI Switzerland.pdf#


Name of Standard:
SN 640 510b "Qualité antidérapante-Méthode de mesure"; SN 640 511b "Qualité antidérapante-Appréciation"


Comment_Single_PI:
No scale, only millimeters rut depth calculated

Details of Data Collection:
17 sensors for 2000 mm transversal profile


Name of Standard:
RVS 11.066 - Teil V, Griffigkeitsmessung mit dem Stuttgarter Reibungsmesser (System RoadSTAR)

Details of Data Collection:
PIARC tyre, 18% slip constant, wheel load 3500N, water film 0.5mm, right wheel path, measuring data every 5m

Comment Classification:
Transformation function are used in the PMS only (network level application)


Name of Standard:
RVS 11.066 - Teil VII, Querebenheitsmessung mit dem System RoadSTAR

Details of Data Collection:
23 Lasers, transverse profile every 5m, max. rut depth under 2m straight edge


Name of Standard:
RVS 11.066 - Teil VIII, Laengsebenheitsmessung mit dem System RoadSTAR

Details of Data Collection:
4 Lasers, lingitudinal profile, reference length 50m, right wheel path


Name of Standard:
Arbeitsanweisung zur Durchfuehrung der visuellen Zustandserfassung 2000

Details of Data Collection:
Weighted combination of different surface defects (ravelling, bleeding, potholes, etc.)


Details of Data Collection:
Weighted combination of linear cracks and alligator cracks


Name of Standard:
Evaluation according to RVS 11.066-Teil III, Deflektionsmessung Benkelmanbalken, optische Methode und Deflectorgraf Lacroix

Description Measuring Principle:
Falling Weight Deflectometer Dynatest FWD8000

Details of Data Collection:
loading plate 30cm diameter, load 70kN, loading impact time 25 milliseconds


Name of Standard:
RVS 11.066 - Teil IV, Rollgeraeuschmessung

Measuring Principle (unified):
A-weighted sound pressure level measured by microphones located close to the tyre-road interface

Details of Data Collection:
2 microphones in defined distances to the tyre (PIARC tyre)


Name of Standard:
FWD measurements and evaluation: Draft report of NTUA for the Greek Public Ministry


Name of Standard:
Loizos, A., Roberts, J. and S. Crank "Asphlat Pavement Deterioration Models for Mild Climatic Conditions", Proceeding ISAP, 2002


Index Description:
Surface deterioration Index (without rutting)


Name of Standard:
System Oceny Stanu Nawierzchni - Wytyczne stosowania, Załącznik C

Details of Data Collection:
15 Lasers, transverse profile every 5m, rut depth under 2m straight edge

Comment Data Collection:
For quality assurance see Ref. 18 ; Interval depends on road category. For international roads it is 1 year and for national roads it is 3 years

Comment Classification:
Hp=E (mean value) +2*D (standard deviation) for the section;


Name of Standard:
System Oceny Stanu Nawierzchni - Wytyczne stosowania, Załącznik B

Details of Data Collection:
15 Lasers, longitudinal profile every 0,25m, measurement on outer rut

Comment Data Collection:
For quality assurance see Ref. 18, Interval depends on road category. For international roads it is 1 year and for national roads it is 3 years

Comment Classification:
IRIp=mean value for the section; V - design velocity


Name of Standard:
System Oceny Stanu Nawierzchni - Wytyczne stosowania, Załącznik D

Description Measuring Principle:
dynamometric trailer with one test wheel

Details of Data Collection:
friction coefficient at fully locked test wheel, measurement every 100m

Comment Data Collection:
For quality assurance see Ref. 18; participation in PIARC Experiment in 1992 and in HERMES; Interval depends on road category. For international roads it is 1 year and for national roads it is 3 years ;

Comment Classification:
Mm=E (mean value) - D (standard deviation) for the section;


Name of Standard:
System Oceny Stanu Nawierzchni - Wytyczne stosowania, Załącznik A

Details of Data Collection:
operator is using SOWA recorder (installed in the car)  to save extension and severity of distress for each 100m length section; type of recorded distresses: longitudinal and transverse cracking, alligator cracking, patching, potholes

Comment Classification:
Nm=E(mean value) +0,3* D(standard deviation) for the section;


Details of Data Collection:
type of recorded distresses: longitudinal and transverse cracking, alligator cracking, patching, potholes; operator is using SOWA recorder (installed in the car)  to save extension and severity of distress for each 100m length section

Comment Classification:
Pm=E(mean value) +0,3* D(standard deviation) for the section;


Details of Data Collection:
Temperature correction - TRL Transformation formula: CAT/(0,568+(44,69/(t+80)))

Comment Data Collection:
Calibration procedure provided by the manifacturer


Name of Standard:
ASTM E 950-98; World Bank Technical Paper n° 45-46

Comment Data Collection:
Calibration procedure according to ASTM E 950-98


Comment_Single_PI:
TIG - All accidents every 100x10^(6) vehicles km

Comment Data Collection:
The annual vehicles number  necessary to calculate TIG is extracted from toll payment systems or other traffic monitoring systems


Comment_Single_PI:
RL-Measurement unit for the index in years


Details of Data Collection:
tensioned wire principle, 37 sensors spaced 10 cm

Comment Classification:
There is also a threshold value of >=23 mm at an extent of 50m.


Name of Standard:
National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP). NCHRP Report 228.

Details of Data Collection:
Distance of profile points 4 inch, wavelength > 30 cm, < 90 meters . Measurement in both wheeltracks


Details of Data Collection:
Percentages of missing stones are assesed from the macro texture profile measured with two 64 KHz lasers, placed in the wheeltracks.

Comment Classification:
threshold value at an extent of >=25% of 100 m lane segment; warning value at an extent of >=15% of 100 m lane segment.


Details of Data Collection:
3-axis gyro and linear regression over 37 sensor rutbar measurements (total of 3,60 meters)


Name of Standard:
RAW Standard Conditions of Contract for works of Civil engineering Constructions 2002

Comment Data Collection:
Pre-selection at 70 km/h with an other equipment; selected stretches are measured with the DWW-trailer at 50 km/h


Details of Data Collection:
transfers profile till 1 km from middle of road, measurement on 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 75, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 750, 1000 m from middle of road, input, traffic intensities, % heavy trucks, meteorology, characteristics of road, roughness surrounding

Comment Classification:
possible indicators for analysis:- # ha exceedance of limit value near roads, - #houses within area of exceedance of limit value


Comment Classification:
possible indicators for analysis: - # ha exceedance of limit value near roads, - # houses within area of exceedance of limit value. Maximum value = 40


Details of Data Collection:
Slow driving on hard shoulder; use of notebook (PMS).

Comment Data Collection:
The amount and severity of distress are not recorded, only the predicted year of maintenance on the basis of threshold value

Comment Classification:
threshold value at an extent of 25% of 100m lone segment, warning value at an extent of 15% of 100m longe segement


Comment_Single_PI:
GR indicates the probability per year of a certain amount of fatalities, given an accident with a transport of hazardous materials has happened.

Name of Standard:
Circulaire Risiconormering vervoer gevaarlijke stoffen, July 2004

Details of Data Collection:
Parameters: Accident frequency, number of transports, type of hazardous materials, characteristics of build up area along transportation route.

Comment Data Collection:
In future videosystems will be used to count number of transports.

Comment Classification:
If tresh. val. of GR are met, measurements to either improve road safety or diminish the # of people living along the route.Tresh. val.: chance 1-10000 with 10 (fatal) casualties and 1-1000000 with 100 (fatal) casualties. No (legal) status for these val.


Comment_Single_PI:
PR is the probability of death per year at a given distance from a transportation route for hazardous materials.

Name of Standard:
Circulaire Risiconormering vervoer gevaarlijke stoffen. July 2004

Details of Data Collection:
Parameters: Accident frequency, number of transports, type of hazardous materials

Comment Classification:
Within certain distance to treshold values of PR, build up areas are prohibited. Threshold value is: chance of 1 to 1.000.000


Name TP (unified):
A-weighted long term average sound level

Measuring Principle (unified):
Noise predictive model calculation and/or sound level meter measurements

Details of Data Collection:
Using parameters for the road (location, elevation, traffic, volume & speed) sound levels from the traffic on the road are generated. Based on this and the carcateriscis of the surroudings the soundlevel on a certain distance can be calculated.

Comment Data Collection:
The European Comission is working on a harmonized method for predicting noise levels. HARMONOISE will hopefully be operational in 5 years.

Comment Classification:
In the dutch Noise Abatement Act limits are stated for very many different situations. Maximum Value = 65


Name of Standard:
Work being done in ISO TC43 on acoustics, WG 33 on measurement effect of road surface on traffic noise (SPB and CPX). Will probably be ISO/CD in 2007

Details of Data Collection:
SPL measurement with 2 mics at short distance from car tires. SPL data is measurered over 20m segements. Result is the average over 4 different specified tires.

Comment Data Collection:
Problem with current standard is the availability of specified test tires.

Comment Classification:
CPX gives seperate values for light vehicles and heavy vehicles. CPX is suited for Conformaty Of Production testing for noise. In 2005 EU-project Silenda Via will come forward with a classification system on low noise roads.


Name of Standard:
ISO 11819-1 "Acoustics -  Method for measuring the influence of road surfaces on traffic noise - Part 1: SPB method"

Details of Data Collection:
SPL measurement alongside the road on regular vehicles passing by, combined with speed measurement. Regression analysis gives a normalised SPL at specified speeds for 3 vehicle categories, passenger cars / dual axle and multi axle heavy vehicles.

Comment Data Collection:
SPB measurement results don't show seperately effect of road surface on traffic noise, also quality of vehicles passing by is measured. Road surface has effect on tire-road noise generation and noise propagation. Therefore the accuracy is limited.


Name of Standard:
TSC 06.610: 2003 Lastnosti voznih površin, Ravnost (Pavement surface properties, Evenness)

Details of Data Collection:
since rutting isn't very frequent defect on Sl. motorways, this year rut depth is measured manually on parts of network where ruts are visually detected; every 20m a 4m straight edge is laid in transverse direction

Comment Data Collection:
In 2000 Roadstar measured Sl. motorways network for rut depth. In 2005 rut depth is going to be measured with 4 m streight edge is laid in transverse direction.


Comment Data Collection:
In 2000 Roadstar measured Sl. motorways for longitudinal unevenness. In 2005 the longitudinal unevenness with Profilograph, developed in Slovenia by ZAG Institute.

Comment Classification:
Classification is valid for homogeneous sections and IRI100


Name of Standard:
TSC 06.620: 2002 Lastnosti voznih površin, Torna sposobnost (Pavement surface properties, Skid resistance)

Comment Data Collection:
In 2000 Roadstar measured Sl. motorways for skid resistance coefficient. In 2005 the skid resistance coefficient together with texture depth is going to be measured with ScrimTex (owned by the Directorate for roads in Slovenia).


Details of Data Collection:
Equivalent straight edge 1,5 m long, one profile measured every 3 meters, 13 ultrasonic sensor (TUS) or continous laser beam (PALAS)

Transformation Function 1:
Extend of 15 < OC < 30 mm (% of section length)


Index Description:
Percentage of significant transverse cracks

Comment_Single_PI:
On a 200 m long section, it is considered that the maximum number of FT is 200 (1 per meter). The index is the ratio between the observed number on the 200 m long section and this maximum number

Details of Data Collection:
The survey is made by two operators using an inboard computer ; An operator is pressing a dedicated key on the specialised keyboard each time the vehicule is passing a distres


Details of Data Collection:
The survey is made by two operators using an inboard computer ; An operator is pressing a dedicated key on the specialised keyboard each time the vehicule is passing a distress


Transformation Function 1:
Extend of OC > 30 mm (% of section length)


Details of Data Collection:
Measurement of the force exerted by a wheel on an axle ; the wheel has a fixed angle with the traveling direction


Description Measuring Principle:
Laser beam measuring the pavement texture

Details of Data Collection:
Very accurate measurement of the longitudinal profile of the pavement surface


TP description:
Length of pavement affected by loss of agregates


Criteria Transformation 2:
Ex Flexible : 300 HV/d > Traffic HV > 50 HV/d

Comment Classification:
Transformation is depending on traffic and construction type


Comment_Single_PI:
A index classification system is under consideration

Details of Data Collection:
4 Laser Doppler sensors register the vertical movemetnt of the pavement surface as a heavy vehicle passes the road


Name of Standard:
Konstruktion og vedligehold af veje og stier, Hæfte 4, Vedligehold af færdselsarealet, Juni 2004.

Details of Data Collection:
A weight system is dropped onto a set of springs creating a transient load pulse. The magnitude of the load plus surface deflections at different distances from the load centre are monitored

Comment Data Collection:
Massurements are compared at CROW in NL
Software check i FWD. Intervall 3 to 5 years

Comment Classification:
A graph is presented in the paper: http://www.vejdirektoratet.dk/dokument.asp?page=document&objno=63778


Details of Data Collection:
The measuring of rutting is based on 25 lasers covering a total width of 3,2 meters. Sampling interval for each sensor is 0,1 meter.

Criteria Transformation 1:
In service roads, Traffic speed higher than 80 km/h


Name of Standard:
Konstruktion og vedligehold af veje og stier, Hæfte 4, Vedligehold af færdselsarealet, Juni 2004.
Comming CEN-standard #prEN 13036-5

Details of Data Collection:
IRI is measured in both wheel paths simultaniously

Comment Classification:
Classification is used for road administations in Denmark as quality guidelines


Name of Standard:
Konstruktion og vedligehold af veje og stier, Hæfte 4, Vedligehold af færdselsarealet, Juni 2004.
Vejregel for varmblandet asfalt, 1998

Details of Data Collection:
Skid resistence is measured in both wheel paths simultaniously

Comment Classification:
When measuring speed is raised from 60 to 80 km/h, the measured skid resistance must not drop more than 0,1


Comment_Single_PI:
An index classification system is under consideration

Name of Standard:
Calculation of Mean Profile Depth, MPD and estimated Texture Depth, ETD (ISO 13473-2)

Details of Data Collection:
Texture is measured in both wheel paths simultaniously


Details of Data Collection:
surface of the deformation (meanprofile-profile ) for different baselengths (2.5m  10m and 40m)


Details of Data Collection:
only if > 5 mm  Sum of all steps in each weelpath


Details of Data Collection:
pondated sum of all transverse, longitudinal and allegator cracks.


Name of Standard:
BS 7941-1:1999 for British Standard for measuring skid resistance using SCRIM. Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB) HD28/04 for analysis of results.

Details of Data Collection:
Sideways force and vertical load measured to derive sideways force coefficient

Comment Data Collection:
UK and Ireland SCRIM fleet participates in annual correlation trials held at TRL.

Comment Classification:
The criteria used to applying Investigatory Levels (IL) cannot be entered in the format provided for classification and limits (left). There are also more than 6 criteria differentiating between pavements. See relevant literature.


Details of Data Collection:
20 lasers measure transverse profile, 100mm sample rate; The survey records the average dpeth of deformation in the near side wheel path track in mm.

Comment Data Collection:
Survey vehicles undergo regular comprehensive QA audits in comparison with a reference machine.

Comment Classification:
Each parameter measurement is assigned a category (1 to 4) based on the severity of detrioration.


Details of Data Collection:
Texture profile from 1 laser in left wheel path, 1mm sample rate.  SMTD is a root mean square displacement measure calculated over 300mm  after subtacting quadratic curve

Criteria Transformation 1:
SMTD>1.1 (Other surfacings), SMTD>0.6 (High friction surfacings)


Details of Data Collection:
Pixel size approximately 2.5mm; Measured in wheel tracks only. Each m is assessed as severity 1 (<1/2 wheel track cracked) or 2 (>1/2 wheel track cracked). Measured cracking for survey length is length of cracking weighted by severity code.


Details of Data Collection:
Noise calculated using algorithm based on surface type and texture profile.

Comment Classification:
Noise estimate in decibels (dB). Each parameter measurement is assigned a category (A to F) based on the severity of noise production.  This parameter for guidance only.


Details of Data Collection:
Longitudinal profile calculated from left wheel path, 100mm sample rate

Comment Classification:
(1)=Motorways+Rural Dual carriageways, (2)=Urban Dual Carriaways+Rural Single Carriageways, (3)=Urban Single Carriageways. Each parameter measurement is assigned a category (1 to 4) based on the severity of detrioration.


Comment Data Collection:
Survey vehicles undergo regular comprehensive QA audits in comparison a TRL reference machine.


Description Measuring Principle:
determine deflection basin caused by controlled load

Details of Data Collection:
The FWD produces a dynamic impulse load that simulates a moving wheel load. This information can in turn be used in a structural analysis to determine the bearing capacity, estimate expected life, and calculate an overlay requirement

Comment Data Collection:
UK and Ireland FWD fleet participates in annual correlation trials held at TRL.

Transformation Function 1:
>7GPa (class 1), >3GPa (class 2), <3GPa (class 3)

Transformation Function 2:
>15GPa (class 1), >8GPa (class 2), <8GPa (class 3)

Transfromation Function 3:
>30GPa (class 1),>20GPa (class 2),<20GPa (class 3)

Comment Classification:
E = Stiffness in Gpa, D = geophone deflections, lt = layer thickness, t = temperature, l = load


Description Measuring Principle:
determine deflection caused by a controlled load

Comment Data Collection:
UK Deflectograph fleet participates in annual correlation trials held at TRL.

Comment Classification:
RL = residual life in years, t = temperature, psa = past standard axels, p&ftg = past and future traffic growth, a = age of pavement


Details of Data Collection:
Presence of fretting calculated from the texture profile.

Comment Classification:
Each parameter measurement is assigned a category (1 to 4) based on the severity of detrioration. This parameter used for guidance only.


Comment Data Collection:
Plus a measurement at the reception of the pavement

Comment Classification:
Criteria and threshold are confidentual (NA : not available)


Comment_Single_PI:
The number of transverse cracks per 100 meter is stored in the data bank - Index is under development

Details of Data Collection:
Video recording (GERPHO on SIRANO multifunctions) plus in lab visual processing

Comment Data Collection:
The survey is planned every three years, but depending on the information from in local services (districts), it may be delayed


Comment_Single_PI:
The extend of bleeding per 100 meter is stored in the data bank - Index is under development


Comment_Single_PI:
The extend of repair per 100 meter is stored in the data bank - Index is under development


Comment_Single_PI:
The length of longitudinal cracks per 100 meter is stored in the data bank - Index is under development


Details of Data Collection:
A trailer with a single wheel is pulled by a car and the angle between the arm supporting the axle of the wheel and an horizontal inertia pendulum provides the longitudinal profile of the pavement in the wheel track

Comment Data Collection:
Plus a measurement by APL monofunction at the reception of the pavement

Comment Classification:
The threshold of the different classes are confidential (Not Available)


Details of Data Collection:
A continous laser beam, one 3.5 m wide profile measured every 10 meters, rut depth calculated under an equivalent 1.5 m straight edge


Details of Data Collection:
7 deflection sensors; Peak load 78 kN; Flexible loading plate diameter 300 mm

Comment Data Collection:
The quality assurance consists in very simple checks, such as callibrating the equipment and checking if the deflections have a reasonable pattern.


Comment Data Collection:
The quality assurance consists in very simple checks, such as callibrating the equipment and checking if the results have a reasonable pattern.


Description Measuring Principle:
laser triangulation from a reference plane

Details of Data Collection:
There's no indication about the measuring device but the processing of the data is standarized to obtain IRI values each 100 m

Comment Data Collection:
Some of the laser profilometers used in Spain took part in the FILTER experiment. The quality assurance of the data collection is made previously to the measurements by means of national calibration and comparisson exercises

Comment Classification:
The acceptance values for new pavements after construccion or rehabilitation are fixed as IRI values each 100 m. The standars define the maximum percentage of section of 100 m with some values of IRI


Name of Standard:
NLT 331/98 Medida de la regularidad con perfilómetro pivotante de alta precisión

Comment Data Collection:
The quality assurance of the data collection is made previously to the measurements by means of national calibration and comparisson exercises


Name of Standard:
NLT 336/92 Determinación de la resistencia al deslizamiento con equipo de medida de deslizamiento transversal

Comment Data Collection:
One of the Spanish SCRIM took part in the HERMES experiment. The quality assurance of the data collection is made previously to the measurements by means of national calibration and comparisson exercises

Transformation Function 1:
value overcame by 95% of data in one homog. sect.

Comment Classification:
Transform. function only used in PMS. Accept. values (new & rehab. pav.), TP is used. Thresh. level isn't constant along time, depends on PMS strategy. Homog.sect. def. by same pav.classif.,constr.date,heavy traffic cat.,wearing course,climatic zone


Name of Standard:
NLT 335/00 Medida de la macrotextura superficial de un pavimento por la técnica volumétrica

Description Measuring Principle:
Extension of sand or strandarized spheres on the pavement

Details of Data Collection:
This test is only used for acceptance criteria after construction or rehabilitation

Comment Classification:
The MPD values needed for acceptance works are different depending on the pavement materials. The manual sand patch test is only used for acceptance criteria


Name of Standard:
ISO 13473. Characterization of pavement texture by use of surface profiles

Details of Data Collection:
This device is only used at network level

Comment Data Collection:
One of the Spanish laser texturemeters took part in the HERMES experiment. The quality assurance of the data collection is made previously to the measurements by means of national calibration and comparisson exercises

Comment Classification:
This method is only used at network level


Details of Data Collection:
Visual inspection using laptops. The length of cracking is stored

Comment Data Collection:
Quality assurance during data collection is  made by means of other inspectors that make visual inspection in some sections to make further comparisson of results. This method is used in PMS to obtain a structural index at network level

Comment Classification:
Previously network is divided in homog. sect. (same pav.clasif.,same constr.date,same heavy traffic cat.,same climatic zone). If homog. section < 1000 m, it's inspected in the whole length. If homog. section > 1000m, 10 sections of 100 m are inspected.


Details of Data Collection:
Visual inspection using laptops. The number of transverse cracking on the section is stored

Comment Data Collection:
Quality assurance during data collection is  made by means of other inspectors that make visual inspection in some sections to make further comparisson of results. This method is used in PMS to obtain a transverse cracking index at network level


Details of Data Collection:
Visual inspection using laptops. If there's ravelling, the value stored is 100, if not, this value is 0

Comment Data Collection:
Quality assurance during data collection is  made by means of other inspectors that make visual inspection in some sections to make further comparisson of results. This method is used in PMS to obtain a ravelling index at network level


Comment_Single_PI:
The index is used to determinate if a rehabilitation is needed and to design it. But there are several values depending on the pavement and the AADTT. Therefore, I can't fill the questtionnaire in the right way

Name of Standard:
NLT 338/98 Medida de las deflexiones de firmes con deflectómetro de impacto. 6.3 I.C. Instrucción para la rehabilitación de firmes

Description Measuring Principle:
Measurement of the deflection by loading the pavement following a strandarized test method

Details of Data Collection:
The values are corrected by some coefficients depending on the measurement equipment, the humidity of the subgrade and the temperature

Comment Data Collection:
The number o measurement is more tha 12 in each homogeneus section. The homogeneus section is defined as the one with the same pavement structure

Criteria Transformation 1:
The coefficients depend on the measuring device (c1), the humidity of the subgrade (c2) and the temperature of the pavement (c3)

Comment Classification:
All the limits depend on both the AADTT and the materials of the structure of the pavement


Name of Standard:
.3 I.C. Instrucción para la rehabilitación de firmes


Name of Standard:
ISO/CD 11819-2 Acoustics - Merthod for measuring the influence of road surfaces on traffic noise. Part 2: The close-proximity method

Description Measuring Principle:
Sound level measured by microphones installed in a semianechoic trailer

Details of Data Collection:
Number of measurements depend on speed. Averaged each 20 m. Data are processed to obtain homogeneus section with hypotheses of normal distribution and 95% confidence. Measurements are corrected depending on actual speed and pavement temperature


Details of Data Collection:
17 measuiring points, every 10 cm, max rut, left rut and right rut


Details of Data Collection:
3 simultanousely profiles Left, right and right+0.1 m


Description Measuring Principle:
Contacless lRut bottom and regression line slope


Name of Standard:
MPD 3 parallell tracks: right wheel track and between tracks, left wheel track


Comment Classification:
v = factor for transformation = function of WLE, see literature 82


Comment Classification:
v = factor for transformation = function of WLP, see literature 82


Index Description:
Index Concrete Slabs with Joint Spalling


Name of Standard:
ÚT 2-2.116/1998 RST-mérés és -értékelés (RST-measurement and evaluation)

Comment Classification:
No transformation functions are used only pavement performance modells, e. g. IRI = 1.79 exp.(0.03 AGE) or IRI = 1.93 exp. (0.02 AADT) for  AADT = 1501-3000 vehicle unit/day and max 7 % subgrade  CBR-value in case of flexible pavements


Comment Classification:
No transformation functions are used only pavement performance modells, e. g. RUTD = 2.30 exp.(0.008 AGE) or  RUTD = 2.22 exp. (0.013AADT) for  AADT = 1501-3000 vehicle unit/day and max 7 % subgrade  CBR-value in case of flexible pavements


Name of Standard:
ÚT 2-2.118/1999 Burkolatfelület állapotának minősítése Roadmaster rendszerrel (Qualification of road surface condition using Roadmaster system)

Description Measuring Principle:
Visual survey aided by keyboard-type Roadmaster

Details of Data Collection:
Pavement condition and the condition of drainage system are evaluated  simultaneously.; Location, type and severity of various defect types are collected  in Roadmaster apparatus and surface note is calculation in a 5-step scale

Comment Data Collection:
The condition evaluation system has been used almost unchanged for 25 years.

Comment Classification:
Given combination of various surfaces defect type amounts and severities are used in the determination of notes (classes)


Comment_Single_PI:
Class limits in E-mod. (Mpa) are dependent on traffic and road types

Name of Standard:
ÚT 2-2.121/2000 Dinamikus behajlásmérés méretezéshez (KUAB) (Dynamic bearing capacity meassurement by KUAB apparatus)

Description Measuring Principle:
Dynamic (falling weight) bearing capacity measurement

Comment Classification:
No transformation functions are used, only pavement performance models, e.g. EMOD=523-9 AGE or EMOD=576-9 AADT for AADT = 1501-3000 vehicle unit/day and min. 8 % subgrade CBR-value in case of flexible pavements


Comment Classification:
No transformation functions are used, only pavement performance models, e.g. MACRO=0.75-0.002 AGE or MACRO= 0.75-0.02 AADT for AADT = 15001-3000 vehicle unit/day and  max. 7 % subgrade CBR value in case of  flexible pavements


Comment Classification:
No transformation functions are used, only pavement performance models, e.g. MICRO=0.31-0.001 AGE or MICRO= 0.33-0.004 AADT for AADT = 15001-3000 vehicle unit/day and  max. 7 % subgrade CBR value in case of  flexible pavements


Name of Standard:
ČSN 73 6175 - Pavement Roughness Measurement


Name of Standard:
ČSN 73 6177 - Measuring and Evaluation of Skid Resistance of Pavements

Comment Classification:
class 4 - warning level, reduced speed until repair time    class 5 - immediate repair is needed


Details of Data Collection:
ratio of vertical to horizontal force during 25% slide wheel


Description Measuring Principle:
Oscillations par rapport à un pendule inertiel à basse fréquence

Details of Data Collection:
Intégrale, sur une longueur de 100, du profil réel par rapport au profil lissé sur une base de 2,5 mètres


Description Measuring Principle:
Application d'un charge verticale sur une roue lisse et envirée de 20°

Details of Data Collection:
Rapport de la résultante des forces de rappel en allignement droit de la roue de mesure, sur la charge verticale appliquée. Mesures sous eau (débit normalisé simulant une pluie coneventionnelle)

Comment Classification:
La classe A est divisée en trois sous classes : A1 de 50 à 60, A2 de 60 à 75, A3 de 75 à 100


Name of Standard:
Catalogue des dégradations des chaussées

Details of Data Collection:
Characteristics are encoded by the means of a special keyboard liked to a notebook. The inspection system is called SAND.


Details of Data Collection:
13 émetteurs/capteurs à ultra-sons, profil transversal tous les 3 mètres


Details of Data Collection:
BI fixed on rear vehicle axle; it counts motions of simulated quarter-car model; the raw rough. counts are processed with computer software in order to provide IRI value

Comment Data Collection:
Quality assurance - ROMDAS Manuals and User's Guides


Details of Data Collection:
Locations of measurements are defined based on visual inspection (distress severity, change in wearing course….)

Comment Data Collection:
Quality assurance - National standards JUS U.C4.018, JUS U.C4.019

Criteria Transformation 3:
Long. Slope > 6 %, Curve with radius < 150 m


Details of Data Collection:
The predefined volume of sand is spread over the circular area on pavement surface, in order to provide radius; DT is calculated from these values


Details of Data Collection:
Measuring of rut depth under the 1.2m straightedge in both wheel paths


Details of Data Collection:
2 B. beams for both wheel paths; pavement deflection under the heavy wheel load; FWD - 7 geophones

Comment Data Collection:
Quality assurance for Benkelman beam and Lacroix - National standard JUS U.E8.016


Comment_Single_PI:
For the calculation of residual life time (years) ELMOD 5.1 is used, taking into account the pavement structure (thickness, material) and traffic load (expressed in ESAL 82kN).

Name of Standard:
TSC 06.630 Pavement surface properties, Deflections

Description Measuring Principle:
Falling Weight Deflectometer Dynatest FWD8002

Details of Data Collection:
load plate diameter 30cm, load 50kN (700 Kpa), loading impact time 30msec.

Comment Data Collection:
deflections, backcalculated moduli, residual life time, needed overlay thickness


Description Measuring Principle:
Extension of sand or standarized spheres on the pavement

Details of Data Collection:
This test is only used as acceptance criteria after construction or rehabilitation


Details of Data Collection:
Texture profile from 1 laser in left wheel path, 1mm sample rate.  SMTD is a root mean square displacement measure calculated over 300mm  after subtracting quadratic curve


Comment_Single_PI:
Surface distress inspection include collection of cracking in wheel track, cracking on pavement surface and other distresses of pavement surface. Aeach of these distresses are presented as separate Single Index.


Name of Standard:
AASHTO PP37-99: Standard Practice for Determining Roughn. of Pavem. E-4; ASTM E-950: Standard Test Method for Measuring Long. Profile of Traveled Surf. with an Accelerometer Establ.  Inert. Prof. Ref

Comment Data Collection:
Intervall from 1 to 3 years; there are various profilers that are used by many states. Two most commonly used ones were listed here. Please see references (88 and 89) for the technical specifications.


Name of Standard:
AASHTO PP38-00: Standard Practice for Determining Maximum Rut Depth in Asphalt Pavements.


Name of Standard:
AASHTO PP44-01: Standard Practice for Quantifying Cracks in Asphalt Pavement Surface.

Details of Data Collection:
Semi-Automated methods include an operator inspecting the digital images of the pavement surfaces and quantifys the extent of cracking

Comment Data Collection:
Intervall from 1 to 3 years. There are both fully automated and semi-automated methods that are used by the different states. Two examples are presented here.


Name of Standard:
Distress Identification Manual for the Long-Term Pavement Performance Program (Ref. 92)

Details of Data Collection:
Block crack area is recorded with its severity.


Details of Data Collection:
Edge cracking length is recorded with its severity


Details of Data Collection:
Number of patches and square meters of the affected area at each severity level is recorded


Details of Data Collection:
Number of potholes and square meters of the affected area at each severity level is recorded


Details of Data Collection:
Number of corner breaks with each severity level is recorded.

Comment Data Collection:
Interval from 1 to 3 years. See reference 92 for the classification of the severity of this distress.


Details of Data Collection:
Number of slabs with "D" cracking and square meters of area affected at each severity level is recorded.


Name:
Spalling of Longitudinal and Transverse Joints

Details of Data Collection:
The length of the joint affected at each severity level is recorded.


TP description:
Combined distress rate (surface defects & cracks)

Comment_Single_PI:
MSI=Sum(Si*Ai*Gi) with Si=severity of distress, Ai=area of distress, Gi=weight of distress

Details of Data Collection:
Collection of severity and area of the following distresses: alligator cracking, lineal cracking, patching, deformation; cracking, ravelling, potholes, patches

Comment Classification:
Classification is done according to AADT for homogeneous sections


Comment_Single_PI:
Residual life is compared to future traffic forecasts for the design period

Details of Data Collection:
7 Deflection sensors; peak load 65kN; flexible loading plate 300 mm diameter; Distress at FWD test point


Details of Data Collection:
1.2 m long or more; distress at test point


Name of Standard:
Metods for measurment and valuation evenness of road pavements - GRM 1986

Details of Data Collection:
Measure amplitudies evry 25cm, and caculate average CAPL every 25m

Transformation Function 1:
integral criteria based on statistical processing

Transformation Function 2:
integral criteria based on statistical processing

Transfromation Function 3:
integral criteria based on statistical processing


Criteria Transformation 4:
351-1000 AADT Design Vehicle for 15 year


# Literature

Title:
Konstruktion og vedligehold af veje og stier, Hæfte 4, Vedligehold af færdselsarealet, Juni 2004.


Title:
Calculation of Mean Profile Depth, MPD and estimated Texture Depth, ETD (ISO 13473-1)

Editor/Publisher:
International Organisation for Standardization (ISO), Switzerland


Title:
La saisie des données sur le réseau routier en Belgique


Title:
Data collection in Belgium and thrir use in the maintenance Planning system

Editor/Publisher:
4th Int. Conference on Managing Pavements (Durban)


Title:
First experience with PMS in Flanders (Belgium)

Editor/Publisher:
1st European Pavement Management Systems Conference


Editor/Publisher:
Internal document for the road administration


Title:
Methods for Measuring the skid resistance of pavement surfaces - Part 1: Side-way force coefficient routine investigation machine


Author(s):
Highways Agency, Scottish Executive, Welsh Assembly Government and Department for Regional Development Northern Ireland

Title:
Design Manual for Roads and Bridges (DMRB)


Title:
Interim Advice Note: Traffic Speed Condition Surveys - Revised Assessment Criteria


Title:
DMRB - Volume 7 Section 3 HD28/04 "Skid Resistance "


Title:
DMRB - Volume 7 Section 3 HD29/94 "Structural Assessment Methods"


Title:
Production of TTS-based Best Value Performance Indicator Report for BV96


Title:
Best Value Road Condition Surveys BV97a and BV97b  2004/05


Title:
Scottish Transport Statistics No.23: 2004 Edition


Title:
Transport Statistics Bulletin: National Road Maintenance Condition Survey 2003


Author(s):
Roads Service, Department for Regional Development Northern Ireland

Title:
Corporate Plan 2004/07 / Business Plan 2004/05, page 29


Title:
INVENTORY OF HIGH SPEED LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE ROAD EVENNESS MEASURING EQUIPMENT IN EUROPE


Title:
NLT 330/98 CÁLCULO DEL INDICE DE REGULARIDAD INTERNACIONAL, IRI, EN PAVIMENTOS DE CARRETERAS


Title:
O.C. 5/2001 RIEGOS AUXILIARES, MEZCLAS BITUMINOSAS Y PAVIMENTOS DE HORMIGÓN


Title:
O.C. 10/2002 SOBRE SECCIONES DE FIRME Y CAPAS ESTRUCTURALES DE FIRMES


Title:
prEN 13036-1:2000 Measurement of pavement surface macrotexture depth using a volumetric patch technique


Title:
ISO 13473-1 Characterization of pavement texture by use of surface profiles. Determination of Mean Profile Depth


Title:
ISO 13473-2 Characterization of pavement texture by use of surface profiles. Terminology and basic requirements related to pavement texture profile analysis


Title:
ISO 13473-3 Characterization of pavement texture by use of surface profiles. Specification and classification of profilometers


Title:
Entwicklung von Systemelementen fuer ein oesterreichisches PMS

Editor/Publisher:
Reports of the Institute for Road Construction and Maintenance, TU-Vienna, No. 14


Author(s):
FSV - Forschungsgemeinschaft Strasse und Verkehr

Title:
RVS 11.066 - Execution of Construction Work, Basics, Testing Method, In-Situ Testing

Editor/Publisher:
FSV - Forschungsgemeinschaft Strasse und Verkehr


Author(s):
P. Simanek, A. Weninger-Vycudil, J. Litzka

Title:
Manual VIAPMS_AUSTRIA, Version 2005 (draft version)

Editor/Publisher:
Institute for Road Construction and Maintenance, TU-Vienna


Title:
Auswertung und Analyse der Zustandserfassung 1995

Editor/Publisher:
Reports of the Institute for Road Construction and Maintenance, TU-Vienna, No. 8


Title:
Bericht ueber Griffigkeits- und Spurrinnenmessungen im Bundesstrassennetz und deren Auswertung, Messkampagne 1995/96


Title:
Arbeitsanweisung zur Durchfuehrung der vis. Zustandserfassung 2000

Editor/Publisher:
Institute for Road Construction and Maintenance, TU-Vienna, on behalf of BMVIT (unpublished)


Title:
ISO 11819-1 Acoustics - Measurement of the influence of road surfaces on traffic noise, part I: Statistical pass-by method


Title:
Asphalt pavement deterioration models for mild climatic conditions


Title:
Performance Analysis of Road Infrastructure

Editor/Publisher:
Report for EC-DG-VII RTD Programme of the European Commision


Author(s):
VSS (Swiss Association of Road and Transportation Experts)

Title:
SN 640 925b "Gestion de l'entretien des chaussées (GEC)"


Title:
SN 640 520a "Planéité - Contrôle de la géométrie"


Title:
SN 640 510b "Qualité antidérapante - Méthode de mesure"


Title:
SN 640 511b "Qualité antidérapante - Appréciation"


Title:
SN 640 904 "Gestion de l'entretien (GE)"


Title:
COST 354 Performance Indicators for Road Pavements - Index Determination in Switzerland


Title:
System Oceny Stanu Nawierzchni - Wytyczne stosowania


Title:
Gli indicatori di performance nella gestione corrente delle strade


Title:
CNR 147- 14/12/1992 - Norme per la misura delle caratteristiche superficiali delle pavimentazioni - Metodo di prova per la misura del coefficiente di aderenza con l'apparecchio SCRIM


Title:
ASTM E 950-98: Standard test method for measuring the longitudinal profile of traveled surfaces with an acceleremoter established inertial profiling reference


Title:
ASTM E 1926-98: Standard practice for computing roughness Index of roads from longitudinal profile measurement


Title:
ASTM D 4694 - 96: Standard test method for deflections with a falling weight tyoe impulse load device


Title:
ASTM D 4695 - 96: Standard guide for general pavement deflection measurement


Title:
ASTM D 5858-96: Standard guide for calculating in situ equivalent elastic moduli of pavement materials using layered elastic theory


Title:
High-speed measurement of ravelling on porous asphalt


Title:
RAW Standard Conditions of Contract for works of Civil engineering Constructions 2002


Title:
Het VLW model; een vergelijking en afstemming van het VLW met KEMA Verkeersmodel NNM+ en het TNO-Verkeersmodel. Petten,


Title:
Maintenance strategy for asphalt pavements of the Dutch main road network


Title:
Guidelines for establishing the severity and extent of road surface damage


Title:
Reken en meetvoorschrift Wegverkeerslawaai (RMW2002)


Title:
ISO/CD 11819-2:2000 "Acoustics -  Method for measuring the influence of road surfaces on traffic noise - Part 2: CPX method"


Title:
ISO 11819-1:1997 "Acoustics -  Method for measuring the influence of road surfaces on traffic noise - Part 1: SPB method"


Title:
Mesure et interprétation du profil en travers, LPC n° 49


Title:
Relevé des dégradations de surface, LPC n° 38-2


Title:
Aide à la gestion de l'entretien routier - volet chaussées


Author(s):
Hildebrandt, Gregers; Rasmussen, Soeren; Raúl, Andrés

Title:
Development of a Laser Based High Speed Deflectograph

Editor/Publisher:
Danish Road Directoratet, Danish Road Institute


Author(s):
Rasmussen, Soeren; Krarup, Joergen; Hildebrandt, Gregers

Title:
Non-contact Deflection Measurement at High Speed; Bearing capacity of roads, railroads and airfields : proceedings of the 6th international conference on the bearing capacity of roads and airfields, Lisbon, Portugal, 24-26 June 2002

Editor/Publisher:
Correia, A. Gomes, ed. Branco, Fernando E. F., ed.


Title:
Development af a High Speed Deflectograph


Title:
Inventory of High-Speed Longitudinal and Transverse Road Evenness MEasuring Equipment in Europe


Title:
Experiences in Using the Profilograph, a Laser-Based Equipment for Profilometric Measurements of Pavement Surfaces


Title:
Surface Characterristics of Road Airfield Pavemants, Test methods - Part 5: Determination of Longitudinal Unevenness Indices (prEN 13036-5)


Title:
ISO/DIS 11819-2 Acoustics-Mehtod for measuring the influence of road surfaces on traffic noise-Part 2. The close-proximity method


Title:
FGSV-Arbeitspapier zur Zustandserfassung und -bewertung, Reihe A Auswertung, Abschnitt A1 Zustandsbewertung


Title:
ASTM D6433-03 - Standard Practice for Roads and Parking Lots Pavement Condition Index Surveys

Editor/Publisher:
ASTM - American Society for Testing and Materials, West Conshohocken, PA, USA


Title:
JUS U.C4.018 - Frictional Properties of Paved Surfaces - Testing Methods - National Standard

Editor/Publisher:
Federal Institution for Standardization, Belgrade, Serbia & Montenegro


Title:
JUS U.C4.019 - Frictional Properties of Paved Surfaces - Technical Requirements - National Standard


Title:
JUS U.E8.016 - Flexible Pavement Deflection - Equipment for Measurements and Operating Procedures


Title:
JUS U.E8.018 - Determination of Representative Deflection for Flexible Pavements


Title:
Standard Practice for Computing International Roughness Index of Roads from Longitudinal Profile Measurements

Editor/Publisher:
American Society for Testing and Materials


Title:
Standard Practice for Determining Maximum Rut Depth in Asphalt Pavements.

Editor/Publisher:
American Associacion of State Highway and Transportation Officials


Title:
Distress Identification Manual for the Long-Term Pavement Performance Progra


Title:
Automated Pavement Distress Collection Techniques


Title:
The AASHO Road Test Report 5 Pavement Research

Editor/Publisher:
National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council


Title:
The WSDOT Pavement Management System - 1993 Update

Editor/Publisher:
Washington State Department of Transportation


Title:
Condition Monitoring of Continuously Reinforced Concrete Pavement

Editor/Publisher:
Oregon Department of Transportation, Highway Division, Research Unit


# Query_Data_Combined_PI

Description Variables:
SV=Slope variance, Rut=Rut depth,  Cracks=Cracks is area in square feet per 1000 square feet of cracks that have become grid pattern.

Comment_Combined_PI:
The PSI equations were developed at the AASHTO Road Test in 1961 to correlate distress measurements to PSR (the mean rating (0-5) of a select panel of people.)

Comment Classification:
Under AASHTO system, flexible pavement without distress is rated as 5.03. Rehab. takes place at pavements with ratings between 1.5 and 3 dep. on functional class. Interstate pavements are rehabilitated whrn ratings are 2.5 to 3.


Description Variables:
SV=Slope variance; Cracks=Cracks measured if greater than 0.25 inches wide or have spalled that much for at least half the length.  Unit is total length of paralllel or perpendicular projections, whichever greater, per 1000 square feet of surface.

Comment_Combined_PI:
The PSI equations for rigid pavements have an alternative form where te term (1+SV) is replaced by ((0.4)(R)-33)) where R is the roughometer reading in inches per mile.


Description Variables:
Severity multiplied by extent of long. cracks, fat. cracks, raveling & weathering, excessive asphalt, grid-block cracks, transv. cracks & patching; + average rutting comb. into math. formula with equations based on intermediate values of cetain terms

Comment_Combined_PI:
4 basic distress factors, a) long. & fat. cracks,b) transv. & block cracks,c) raveling, weathering & excess asphalt,d) rutting developed from multivariate factor analysis.Utility index (0-100) calculated for each factor and expressed by exp equations


Description Variables:
A to I represent amounts of distress multiplied by coeff.,sample size 10 slabs.  Measures incl. numbers of: repaired joints,spalled joints,slabs with pattern cracks,slabs with spalls,repaired slab,+joint seal condition,faulting,faulting of cracks.

Comment_Combined_PI:
Used for rural, non-interstate pavements


Description Variables:
The equation for PSI includes the International Roughness Index, rut-depth, and transverse cracks.


Description Variables:
The equation for PSI includes the International Roughness Index (mm/m), the average fault (mm), the percent cracked slabs, repaired joints and spalled joints.


# Release_Description

Release Description:
Implementation map form single PI (incl. queries and query data forms); implementation release discription


Release Description:
Implementation questionnaire US, data correction and update


Release Description:
Implementation map form combined PI; implementation map buttons in data forms


Release Description:
Update data Croatia and Portugal; implementation questionnaire Bulgaria


# Traffic_Data

Motorways Descr:
motorways and expressways (federal roads category A and S)


Other Primary Roads Descr:
roads administrated by General Directorate of National Roads and Motorways


Other Primary Roads Descr:
National singlecarriageway highways, departemental main roads


Other Primary Roads Descr:
All Purpose Trunk Roads and Principal ("A") Roads

Secondary Roads Descr:
Non-Principal Classified ("B" and "C") Roads


Other Roads Descr:
Roads of local importance, eventually in urban area


